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bear

 
Dictionary: bear1   (bâr) pronunciation
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v., bore (bôr, bōr), borne (bôrn, bōrn), or born (bôrn), bear·ing, bears.

v.tr.
  1. To hold up; support.
  2. To carry from one place to another; transport.
  3. To carry in the mind; harbor: bear a grudge.
  4. To transmit at large; relate: bearing glad tidings.
  5. To have as a visible characteristic: bore a scar on the left arm.
  6. To have as a quality; exhibit: "A thousand different shapes it bears" (Abraham Cowley).
  7. To carry (oneself) in a specified way; conduct: She bore herself with dignity.
  8. To be accountable for; assume: bearing heavy responsibilities.
  9. To have a tolerance for; endure: couldn't bear his lying.
  10. To call for; warrant: This case bears investigation.
  11. To give birth to: bore six children in five years.
  12. To produce; yield: plants bearing flowers.
  13. To offer; render: I will bear witness to the deed.
  14. To move by or as if by steady pressure; push: "boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past" (F. Scott Fitzgerald).
v.intr.
  1. To yield fruit; produce: peach trees that bear every summer.
  2. To have relevance; apply: They studied the ways in which the relativity theory bears on the history of science.
  3. To exert pressure, force, or influence.
    1. To force oneself along; forge.
    2. To endure something with tolerance and patience: Bear with me while I explain matters.
  5. To extend or proceed in a specified direction: The road bears to the right at the bottom of the hill.
phrasal verbs:

bear down

  1. To advance in a threatening manner: The ship bore down on our canoe.
  2. To apply maximum effort and concentration: If you really bear down, you will finish the task.
bear out
  1. To prove right or justified; confirm: The test results bear out our claims.
bear up
  1. To withstand stress, difficulty, or attrition: The patient bore up well during the long illness.

idioms:

bear down on

  1. To effect in a harmful or adverse way: Financial pressures are bearing down on them.
bear fruit
  1. To come to a satisfactory conclusion or to fruition.
bear in mind
  1. To hold in one's mind; remember: Bear in mind that bridges freeze before roads.

[Middle English beren, from Old English beran.]

SYNONYMS   bear, endure, stand, abide, suffer, tolerate. These verbs mean to withstand something difficult or painful. Bear pertains broadly to the capacity to withstand: "Those best can bear reproof who merit praise" (Alexander Pope). Endure specifies a continuing capacity to face pain or hardship: "Human life is everywhere a state in which much is to be endured and little to be enjoyed" (Samuel Johnson). Stand implies resoluteness of spirit: Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't perform in public. Abide and suffer suggest the capacity to withstand patiently: She couldn't abide fools. He suffered their insults in silence. Tolerate, when applied to something other than pain, connotes reluctant acceptance: "A decent . . . examination of the acts of government should be not only tolerated, but encouraged" (William Henry Harrison). See also synonyms at convey, produce.

USAGE NOTE   Thanks to the vagaries of English spelling, bear has two past participles: born and borne. Traditionally, born is used only in passive constructions referring to birth: I was born in Chicago. For all other uses, including active constructions referring to birth, borne is the standard form: She has borne both her children at home. I have borne his insolence with the patience of a saint.


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Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Bear
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The name for a number of species of carnivorous mammals in the family Ursidae (see table). Bears are large and heavy bodied, with short, strong legs and short tails. They are completely plantigrade, walking with their metatarsal and metacarpal regions touching the ground, but are able to stand upright. The foot has five toes which terminate in nonretractile claws. The toes are separate with no membranes between them. The foot soles of the polar bear are covered with hair, lacking in other species, which aids in walking on ice. The eyes of bears are relatively small and vision is rather poor; however, hearing and smell are acute. The rounded ears are small, and the muzzle is elongate.

Common name and geographic distribution of some Ursidae species

Scientific name

Common name

Distribution

Tremarctos ornatus

Spectacled bear, Andean bear

Pacific slopes of Andes from northern Chili to Colombia

Selenarctos thibetanus

Asiatic black bear, moon bear, Himalayan bear

Iran, China, Japan, Himalayas

Ursus arctos

Brown bear, many varietal names

Eastern Europe, Asia, North America, Pyrenees

Ursus americanus

American black bear

North American forested areas

Thalarctos maritimus

Polar bear

Arctic regions of Northern Hemisphere

Helarctos malayanus

Sun bear, honey bear, bruang, Malay bear

Sumatra, Borneo, southeastern Asia

Melursus ursinus

Sloth bear

Ceylon, southern India

Depending upon the species, the female produces one to three young per lifter; gestation varies from 180 to 250 days. The small, blind, toothless offspring weigh less than 1 lb (0.5 kg). The female cares for the cubs since the male usually does not remain with her.

Bears originated in the Northern Hemisphere and are now widely distributed throughout the world. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the commonest species, in North America as well as in other areas of the world. The grizzly bear is an example of a species that is on the verge of extinction. It is found in national park areas, Alaska, and the Yukon region. The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only native bear in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is found in the forested foothills of the western slopes of the Andes. The Himalayan bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) occurs in China, Japan, Iran, and the Himalayas. The black bear (Ursus americanus) is still numerous across North America in forested areas. It is hunted for its fur and as a game animal in many parts of the United States. The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is found in the tropical forested areas of southern Asia, and thus differs from other bears in its habitat preference. It is the smallest of all bears. The polar bear (Thalarctos maritimus) occurs in the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. See also Carnivora; Hibernation.

Thesaurus: bear
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also bear up

verb

  1. To hold up: carry, support, sustain. See over/under.
  2. To sustain the weight of: carry, hold, support, uphold. See support/oppose.
  3. To hold on one's person: carry, have, possess. Informal pack. See owned/unowned.
  4. To move while supporting: carry, convey, lug, transport. Informal tote. Slang schlep. See over/under.
  5. To cause to come along with oneself: bring, carry, convey, fetch, take, transport. See accompanied.
  6. To hold and turn over in the mind: harbor, nourish, nurse. See thoughts.
  7. To be endowed with as a visible characteristic or form: carry, display, exhibit, have, possess. See show/hide.
  8. To conduct oneself in a specified way: acquit, act, behave, carry, comport, demean, deport, do, quit. See be.
  9. To put up with: abide, accept, brook, endure, go, stand (for), stomach, suffer, support, sustain, swallow, take, tolerate, withstand. Informal lump. Idioms: take it, take it lying down. See accept/reject.
  10. To give birth to: bring forth, deliver, have. Chiefly Regional birth. Idioms: be broughtabedto bedof. See rich/poor.
  11. To bring forth (a product): give, produce, yield. See rich/poor.
  12. To exert pressure: press, push. See over/under.
  13. To proceed in a specified direction: go, head, make, set out, strike out. See approach/retreat.

phrasal verb - bear on (or upon)

    To be pertinent: appertain, apply, concern, pertain, refer, relate. Idioms: have a bearing on, have to do with,, relevant/irrelevant.

phrasal verb - bear out

  1. To assure the certainty or validity of: attest, authenticate, back (up), confirm, corroborate, evidence, justify, substantiate, testify (to), validate, verify, warrant. See support/oppose, true/false.
  2. To establish as true or genuine: authenticate, confirm, corroborate, demonstrate, endorse, establish, evidence, prove, show, substantiate, validate, verify. See show/hide, support/oppose.

phrasal verb - bear up

    To withstand stress or difficulty: endure, hold up, stand up. See continue/stop/pause.

Antonyms: bear
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v

Definition: bring
Antonyms: refuse, take, throw away

v

Definition: endure
Antonyms: avoid, dodge, evade, shun

v

Definition: give birth
Antonyms: be unproductive

Word Tutor: bear
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: To put up with patiently.

pronunciation Things that were hard to bear are sweet to remember.

Wikipedia: Bearing (mechanical)
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An example of a four-point contact ball bearing

A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion between two or more parts, typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and according to their principle of operation as well as by the directions of applied loads they can handle.

Contents

Bearing friction

Plain bearings are simply a hole of the correct shape containing the relatively moving part, and use surfaces in rubbing contact, often with a lubricant such as oil or graphite. They are very widely used. Particularly with lubrication they often give entirely acceptable life and friction.

However, reducing friction in bearings is often important for efficiency, to reduce wear and to facilitate extended use at high speeds and to avoid overheating and premature failure of the bearing. Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape, by its material, or by introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces or by separating the surfaces with an electromagnetic field.

  • By shape, gains advantage usually by using spheres or rollers, or by forming flexure bearings.
  • By material, exploits the nature of the bearing material used. (An example would be using plastics that have low surface friction.)
  • By fluid, exploits the low viscosity of a layer of fluid, such as a lubricant or as a pressurized medium to keep the two solid parts from touching, or by reducing the normal force between them.
  • By fields, exploits electromagnetic fields, such as magnetic fields, to keep solid parts from touching.

Combinations of these can even be employed within the same bearing. An example of this is where the cage is made of plastic, and it separates the rollers/balls, which reduce friction by their shape and finish.

Principles of operation

Animation of ball bearing

There are at least six common principles of operation:

Motions

Common motions permitted by bearings are:

  • Axial rotation e.g. shaft rotation
  • Linear motion e.g. drawer
  • spherical rotation e.g. ball and socket joint
  • hinge motion e.g. door

Loads

Bearings vary greatly over the size and directions of forces that they can support.

Forces can be predominately radial, axial (thrust bearings) or moments perpendicular to the main axis.

Speeds

Different bearing types have different operating speed limits. Speed is typically specified as maximum relative surface speeds, often specified ft/s or m/s. Rotational bearings typically describe performance in terms Some applications apply bearing loads from varying directions and accept only limited play or "slop" as the applied load changes of the product DN where D is the diameter (often in mm) of the bearing and N is the rotation rate in revolutions per minute.

Generally there is considerable speed range overlap between bearing types. Plain bearings typically handle only lower speeds, rolling element bearings are faster, followed by fluid bearings and finally magnetic bearings which are limited ultimately by centripetal force overcoming material strength.

Play and elasticity

Some applications apply bearing loads from varying directions and accept only limited play or "slop" as the applied load changes. One source of motion is gaps or "play" in the bearing. As example, a 10 mm shaft in a 12 mm hole has 2 mm play. A second source of motion is elasticity in the bearing itself. As example, the balls in a ball bearing are like stiff rubber, and under load deform from round to a slightly flattened shape. The race is also elastic and develops a slight dent where the ball presses on it.

Allowable play varies greatly depending on the use. As example, a wheelbarrow wheel supports radial and axial loads. Axial loads may be hundreds of newtons force left or right, and it is typically acceptable for the wheel to wobble by as much as 10 mm under the varying load. In contrast, a lathe may position a cutting tool to ±0.02 mm using a ball lead screw held by rotating bearings. The bearings support axial loads of thousands of newtons in either direction, and must hold the ball lead screw to ±0.002 mm across that range of loads.

Life

Fluid and magnetic bearings can potentially give indefinite life.

Rolling element bearing life is statistical, but is determined by load, temperature, maintenance, vibration, lubrication and other factors.

For plain bearings some materials give much longer life than others. Some of the John Harrison clocks still operate after hundreds of years because of the lignum vitae wood employed in their construction, whereas his metal clocks are seldom run due to potential wear.

Maintenance

Many bearings require periodic maintenance to prevent premature failure, although some such as fluid or magnetic bearings may require little maintenance.

Most bearings in high cycle operations need periodic lubrication and cleaning, and may require adjustment to minimise the effects of wear.

History and development

Tapered steering head bearings for a motorcycle
Early Timken tapered roller bearing, with notched rollers

An early type of linear bearing uses tree trunks laid down under sleds. This technology may date as far back as the construction of the Pyramids of Giza, though there is no definitive evidence. Modern linear bearings use a similar principle, sometimes with balls in place of rollers.

Bearings saw use for holding wheel and axles. The bearings used there were plain bearings that were used to greatly reduce friction over that of dragging an object by making the friction act over a shorter distance as the wheel turned.

The first plain and rolling-element bearings were wood, but ceramic, sapphire, or glass were also used, and steel, bronze, other metals, ceramics, and plastic (e.g., nylon, polyoxymethylene, teflon, and UHMWPE) are all common today. A "jeweled" pocket watch uses stones to reduce friction, and allow more precise time keeping. Even old materials can have good durability. As examples, wood bearings can still be seen today in old water mills where the water provides cooling and lubrication.

Rotary bearings are required for many applications, from heavy-duty use in vehicle axles and machine shafts, to precision clock parts. The simplest rotary bearing is the sleeve bearing, which is just a cylinder inserted between the wheel and its axle. This was followed by the roller bearing, in which the sleeve is replaced by a number of cylindrical rollers. Each roller behaves as an individual wheel. The first practical caged-roller bearing was invented in the mid-1740s by horologist John Harrison for his H3 marine timekeeper. This uses the bearing for a very limited oscillating motion but Harrison also used a similar bearing in a truly rotary application in a contemporaneous regulator clock.

An early example of a wooden ball bearing (see rolling-element bearing), supporting a rotating table, was retrieved from the remains of the Roman Nemi ships in Lake Nemi, Italy. The wrecks were dated to 40 AD. Leonardo da Vinci is said to have described a type of ball bearing around the year 1500. An issue with ball bearings is the balls rub against each other, causing additional friction, but rubbing can be prevented by enclosing the balls in a cage. The captured, or caged, ball bearing was originally described by Galileo in the 1600s. The mounting of bearings into a set was not accomplished for many years after that. The first patent for a ball race was by Philip Vaughan of Carmarthen in 1794.

Friedrich Fischer's idea from the year 1883 for milling and grinding balls of equal size and exact roundness by means of a suitable production machine formed the foundation for creation of an independent bearing industry.

A patent on ball bearings, reportedly the first, was awarded to Jules Suriray, a Parisian bicycle mechanic, on 3 August 1869. The bearings were then fitted to the winning bicycle ridden by James Moore in the world's first bicycle road race, Paris-Rouen, in November 1869.[1]

The modern, self-aligning design of ball bearing is attributed to Sven Wingquist of the SKF ball-bearing manufacturer in 1907.

Henry Timken, a 19th century visionary and innovator in carriage manufacturing, patented the tapered roller bearing, in 1898. The following year, he formed a company to produce his innovation. Through a century, the company grew to make bearings of all types, specialty steel and an array of related products and services.

Erich Franke invented and patented the wire race bearing in 1934. His focus was on a bearing design with a cross section as small as possible and which could be integrated into the enclosing design. After World War II he founded together with Gerhard Heydrich the company Franke & Heydrich KG (today Franke GmbH) to push the development and production of wire race bearings.

The Timken Company (Sale $4,973.4M, 2006), The SKF company ($6,195.1M, 2005), the Schaeffler Group (Private), the NSK company ($5,344.5M, 2006), and the NTN Bearing company ($3,697.8M, 2006) are now the largest bearing manufacturers in the world.

Today, bearings are used in a variety of applications. Ultra high speed bearings are used in dental hand pieces, aerospace bearings are used in the Mars Rover, and flexure bearings are used in optical alignment systems.

Types

There are many different types of bearings.

Type Description Friction Stiffness† Speed Life Notes
Plain bearing Rubbing surfaces, usually with lubricant Depends on materials and construction, PTFE has coefficient of friction ~0.05 Good, provided wear is low, but some slack is normally present Low to very high Moderate (depends on lubrication) The simplest type of bearing, widely used, relatively high friction, suffers from stiction in some applications. Some bearings use pumped lubrication and behave similarly to fluid bearings. At high speeds life can be very short.
Rolling element bearing Ball or rollers are used to prevent or minimise rubbing Rolling coefficient of friction with steel can be ~0.005 Good, but some slack is usually present Moderate to high (often requires cooling) Moderate to high (depends on lubrication, often requires maintenance) Used for higher loads than plain bearings with lower friction
Jewel bearing Off-center bearing rolls in seating Low Low due to flexing Low Adequate (requires maintenance) Mainly used in low-load, high precision work such as clocks. Jewel bearings may be very small.
Fluid bearing Fluid is forced between two faces and held in by edge seal Zero friction at zero speed, low Very high Very high (usually limited to a few hundred feet per second at/by seal) Virtually infinite in some applications, may wear at startup/shutdown in some cases Can fail quickly due to grit or dust or other contaminants. Maintenance free in continuous use. Can handle very large loads with low friction and negligible maintenance.
Magnetic bearings Faces of bearing are kept separate by magnets (electromagnets or eddy currents) Zero friction at zero speed, but constant power for levitation, eddy currents are often induced when movement occurs, but may be negligible if magnetic field is quasi-static Low No practical limit Indefinite Often needs considerable power. Maintenance free.
Flexure bearing Material flexes to give and constrain movement Very low Low Very high Very high or low depending on materials and strain in application Limited range of movement, no backlash, extremely smooth motion
†Stiffness is the amount that the gap varies when the load on the bearing changes, it is distinct from the friction of the bearing.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bicycle History, Chronology of the Growth of Bicycling and the Development of Bicycle Technology by David Mozer

External links

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bearings

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Translations: Bear
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Dansk (Danish)
1.
v. tr. - styre, dreje
v. intr. - bære, bringe

idioms:

  • bear a hand    give en hånd med
  • bear comparison    tåle sammenligning med
  • bear comparison with    tåle sammenligning med
  • bear down    presse nedad
  • bear down on    styre målbevidst imod, gå direkte hen imod
  • bear fruit    bære frugt, give resultat
  • bear hard on    undertrykke
  • bear hatred    være hadefuld
  • bear in mind    huske på, notere sig, erindre
  • bear on    stå i forbindelse med, have noget at gøre med, have relevans for
  • bear oneself    optræde, klare sig
  • bear out    understøtte, bevidne, bekræfte
  • bear the brunt of    tage skraldet, bære byrden, tage på sine skuldre
  • bear up    holde humøret oppe
  • bear with    bære over med
  • bear witness    vidne, afgive vidnesbyrd

2.
n. - bjørn

idioms:

  • bear hug    bjørnekram
  • bear market    baissemarked
  • like a bear with a sore head    olm

Nederlands (Dutch)
beer, bullebak, contramineur, teddybeer, Rusland, smeris, dragen, verdragen, verduren, baren, voortbrengen, koesteren (b.v. wrok), keren, voorzien van, zich (ge)dragen

Français (French)
1.
v. tr. - porter, ressembler à, avoir en soi, apporter, fournir, attester qch, supporter, tolérer, souffrir, produire, (Fin) rapporter, donner naissance à, mettre au monde
v. intr. - se diriger, (Naut) virer (de bord), porter, supporter, donner, produire, appuyer sur

idioms:

  • bear a hand    tendre une main
  • bear away    enlever (qn), emporter (qn, qch)
  • bear comparison    soutenir la comparaison avec, être sans commune mesure avec
  • bear down    pousser (lors de l'accouchement), être accablé par (la misère)
  • bear down on    (Naut) foncer, laisser porter, fondre sur (l'ennemi), (Naut) courir sur (qch), foncer (sur qn) (en parlant d'une personne)
  • bear fruit    donner des fruits, (fig) porter des fruits
  • bear hard on    peser lourdement
  • bear hatred    porter de la haine
  • bear in mind    tenir compte de, ne pas oublier que
  • bear off    (Naut) virer de bord
  • bear on    se rapporter à, être relatif à, avoir trait à, concerner, intéresser
  • bear oneself    avoir l'allure de, se comporter
  • bear out    confirmer, corroborer
  • bear the brunt of    être le plus touché par, subir le plus fort de
  • bear up    ne pas se laisser abattre/décourager, résister, soutenir (qn, qch)
  • bear with    supporter patiemment
  • bear witness    témoigner, attester
  • bear witness to    témoigner de qch, attester de qch

2.
n. - (Zool) ours, koala, ours (péj), baissier (Bourse)

idioms:

  • bear hug    prise, étreinte, immobilisation des bras (boxe), serrer qn dans ses bras
  • bear market    marché à la baisse
  • like a bear with a sore head    (être) d'une humeur massacrante, (ne pas être) à prendre avec des pincettes

Deutsch (German)
1.
v. - tragen, ertragen, hegen, gebären

idioms:

  • bear a hand    helfen
  • bear away    abfallen
  • bear comparison    dem Vergleich standhalten
  • bear down    überwältigen
  • bear down on    zukommen auf
  • bear fruit    Früchte tragen, Früchte abwerfen
  • bear hard on    schwer lasten auf
  • bear hatred    Haß
  • bear in mind    berücksichtigen
  • bear off    wegtragen, abhalten, ein Boot von etwas abhalten
  • bear on    sich beziehen auf
  • bear oneself    sich benehmen
  • bear out    bestätigen, hinaustragen
  • bear the brunt of    das meiste abkriegen
  • bear up    halten, durchhalten, (naut.) abfallen
  • bear with    Nachsicht/Geduld haben mit
  • bear witness    zeugen, bezeugen
  • bear witness to    zeugen, bezeugen

2.
n. - Bär

idioms:

  • bear hug    kräftige Umarmung
  • bear market    Baissemarkt, Markt mit fallenden Preisen
  • like a bear with a sore head    wie ein Brummbär

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - φέρω, κομίζω, βαστώ, κρατώ, (υπο)στηρίζω, φέρω, μεταφέρω, γεννώ, φέρνω στον κόσμο, υποβαστάζω, ανέχομαι, αντέχω, υφίσταμαι, φέρω (ευθύνη), κρατώ (κακία), τρέφω (μίσος), ασκώ (πίεση), έχω (σχέση), κατευθύνομαι
n. - άρκτος, αρκούδα, υποτιμητής, παίκτης χρηματιστηρίου που κερδίζει από πτωτικές τάσεις των τιμών, δύσκολο έργο, παλούκι, (ΗΠΑ) αστυνομικός επιτήρησης αυτοκινητόδρομων

idioms:

  • bear a hand    δίνω ένα χεράκι
  • bear comparison    αντέχω στη σύγκριση, μπορώ να συγκριθώ
  • bear comparison with    αντέχω στη σύγκριση, μπορώ να συγκριθώ με
  • bear down    συντρίβω, κατατροπώνω, βάζω τα δυνατά μου
  • bear down on    καταβάλλω, ασκώ ασφυκτική πίεση σε, πλησιάζω απειλητικά, τιμωρώ παραδειγματικά
  • bear fruit    αποδίδω καρπούς
  • bear hard on    ασκώ ασφυκτική πίεση σε
  • bear hatred    νιώθω μίσος
  • bear hug    σφιχταγκάλιασμα
  • bear in mind    έχω υπόψη μου, θυμάμαι
  • bear market    αγορά με πτωτικές τάσεις
  • bear on    ασκώ πίεση
  • bear oneself    φέρομαι
  • bear out    επιβεβαιώνω, αποδεικνύω την ορθότητα
  • bear the brunt of    υφίσταμαι τη σφοδρότητα
  • bear up    κρατώ καλά, αντέχω
  • bear with    υπομένω, ανέχομαι
  • bear witness    μαρτυρώ, πιστοποιώ
  • like a bear with a sore head    οξύθυμος

Italiano (Italian)
sopportare, tollerare, risentire, portare, generare, partorire, orso

idioms:

  • bear a hand    dare una mano
  • bear comparison    reggere il paragone
  • bear down    far pressione
  • bear down on    dirigersi verso
  • bear fruit    dare frutti, fruttare
  • bear hard on    tenere duro
  • bear hug    abbraccio d'orso
  • bear in mind    ricordarsi, tener presente
  • bear market    borsa in discesa
  • bear on    riferirsi a
  • bear out    appoggiare
  • bear the brunt of    essere biasimato per, sopportare le conseguenze di
  • bear up    resistere, incoraggiare
  • bear with    avere pazienza
  • bear witness    testimoniare
  • like a bear with a sore head    irritabilissimo
  • loaded for bear    pronto a dar battaglia

Português (Portuguese)
v. - suportar, buscar, parir, testemunhar, arcar, nutrir, atuar, carregar
n. - urso (m), pessoa (f) rabugenta, bicho-do-mato (m)

idioms:

  • bear a hand    prestar auxílio
  • bear comparison    comparar-se a
  • bear down    abaixar, derrotar
  • bear down on    fazer pressão contra
  • bear fruit    dar frutos
  • bear hard on    oprimir
  • bear hug    abraço apertado
  • bear in mind    guardar na lembrança
  • bear market    mercado especulativo
  • bear on    relacionar-se com
  • bear oneself    conduzir-se
  • bear out    comprovar
  • bear the brunt of    ter de aceitar a parte mais difícil de alguma coisa
  • bear up    suportar os reveses
  • bear with    tolerar
  • bear witness    testemunhar
  • grin and bear it    suportar com estoicismo
  • like a bear with a sore head    de modo irritante
  • loaded for bear    preparado para agüentar

Русский (Russian)
нести, выносить, предоставить, угнетать, родить, медведь

idioms:

  • bear a hand    помочь
  • bear comparison    выдерживать сравнение с чем-либо
  • bear down    нажимать, прижимать книзу
  • bear down on    оказывать давление, давить
  • bear fruit    приносить плоды
  • bear hard on    давить
  • bear hug    крепкие объятия
  • bear in mind    иметь в виду
  • bear market    биржевые акции падают
  • bear on    производить эффект, влиять
  • bear oneself    нести себя
  • bear out    подтверждать
  • bear the brunt of    выносить, терпеть
  • bear up    терпеть, держаться
  • bear with    выносить кого-либо или что-либо
  • bear witness    давать свидетельские показания
  • grin and bear it    вымученно улыбаться и терпеть
  • like a bear with a sore head    разъяренный
  • loaded for bear    с большими пулями

Español (Spanish)
1.
v. tr. - correr con, asumir, sufrir, aguantar, resistir, sobrellevar, soportar, tolerar, profesar, admitir, merecer, sostener, sustentar, dar a luz, alumbrar, parir
v. intr. - resistir, soportar, tener aguante, ser paciente, dirigirse, inclinarse, dar sostén, dar sustento

idioms:

  • bear a hand    echar una mano, ayudar
  • bear away    alejar, arrebatar
  • bear comparison    admite comparación
  • bear down    vencer, abatirse
  • bear down on    pesar sobre, dirigirse hacia, acercarse a
  • bear fruit    dar fruto, fructificar, dar buenos resultados
  • bear hard on    pesar mucho sobre alguien
  • bear hatred    odio contenido
  • bear in mind    tener en cuenta, tener presente, recordar
  • bear off    ganar, llevarse un premio
  • bear on    referirse a
  • bear oneself    portarse, conducirse
  • bear out    confirmar, corroborar
  • bear the brunt of    llevar el peso, aguantar
  • bear up    sostener
  • bear with    tener paciencia con
  • bear witness    testificar, testimoniar, atestiguar, dar testimonio
  • bear witness to    testificar, testimoniar, atestiguar, dar testimonio

2.
n. - oso, campo de Agramante, mercado bajista en la bolsa de valores, persona brusca

idioms:

  • bear hug    abrazo muy fuerte
  • bear market    mercado bajista
  • like a bear with a sore head    estar de un humor de perros

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - bära, bära på, hysa, uthärda, tåla, stå ut med, föda
n. - björn, brumbjörn, kursfallspekulant (börs)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 支持, 承受, 运送, 承担, 携带, 忍受, 压迫, 结果实

idioms:

  • bear a hand    帮助, 参加
  • bear comparison    比得上, 不亚于
  • bear comparison with    比得上
  • bear down    压倒, 击败
  • bear down on    逼近, 压在...上
  • bear fruit    结出果实, 奏效
  • bear hard on    给...带来苦难
  • bear hatred    深仇大恨
  • bear in mind    牢记在心
  • bear on    与...有关, 对...有影响
  • bear oneself    举止, 表现, 为人处事
  • bear out    证明, 证实
  • bear the brunt of    首当其冲
  • bear up    支持, 不失望, 拥护
  • bear with    宽容, 忍受
  • bear witness    作证, 证明

2. 熊, 鲁莽的人, 似熊的动物, 笨拙的人

idioms:

  • bear hug    熊抱, 粗鲁的拥抱, 紧紧拥抱
  • bear market    股票熊市
  • like a bear with a sore head    暴躁

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 熊, 魯莽的人, 似熊的動物, 笨拙的人

idioms:

  • bear hug    熊抱, 粗魯的擁抱, 緊緊擁抱
  • bear market    股票熊市
  • like a bear with a sore head    暴躁

2.
v. tr. - 支援, 承受, 運送, 承擔, 攜帶
v. intr. - 忍受, 壓迫, 結果實

idioms:

  • bear a hand    幫助, 參加
  • bear comparison    比得上, 不亞於
  • bear comparison with    比得上
  • bear down    壓倒, 擊敗
  • bear down on    逼近, 壓在...上
  • bear fruit    結出果實, 奏效
  • bear hard on    給...帶來苦難
  • bear hatred    深仇大恨
  • bear in mind    牢記在心
  • bear on    與...有關, 對...有影響
  • bear oneself    舉止, 表現, 為人處事
  • bear out    證明, 證實
  • bear the brunt of    首當其衝
  • bear up    支援, 不失望, 擁護
  • bear with    寬容, 忍受
  • bear witness    作證, 證明

한국어 (Korean)
1.
v. tr. - 낳다, 몸에 지니다, 견디다
v. intr. - 지탱하다, 기대다, 영향을 미치다, 향하다

idioms:

  • bear comparison with    ~에 필적하다
  • bear down    ~을 패배 시키다, 한층 더 노력하다, 배가 서로 다가가다
  • bear down on    ~에 압박을 가하다, ~을 강조하다, ~에 급히 다가가다
  • bear hard on    ~에게 무거운 짐이다, ~을 압박하다
  • bear on    압박하다, ~에 영향을 미치다, ~쪽을 향하다
  • bear oneself    처신하다, 행동하다
  • bear out    ~을 증명하다
  • bear up    ~을 지지하다, ~에 대항하여 견디다, 바람이 불어가는 쪽으로 진로를 잡다
  • bear with    ~을 참다

2.
n. - 곰, 난폭한 사람, 하락세

idioms:

  • like a bear with a sore head    기분이 매우 나빠서

idioms:

  • Great bear    큰곰자리 (Ursa Major)

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - クマ, がさつな人, 売り方, 熊
v. - 運ぶ, 支える, 負う, 付けている, 持っている, 我慢する, 産む, 出産する, 抱く, 生じる, 実を結ぶ

idioms:

  • bear a grudge    恨みを抱く
  • bear a hand    携わる, 手を貸す
  • bear arms    武装する, 武器を取る
  • bear comparison    匹敵する
  • bear down    圧服する, 大いにがんばる
  • bear down on    …にぐんぐん迫る, 圧迫する, 厳しく罰する
  • bear evidence of    形跡がある
  • bear fruit    結実する, 実を結ぶ
  • bear hard on    圧迫を加える
  • bear hatred    恨みを抱く
  • bear hug    力強い抱擁
  • bear in mind    心に留める
  • bear market    下向き相場の市場
  • bear on    圧迫する, 影響する
  • bear oneself    ふるまう
  • bear out    支える, 証拠となる
  • bear record to    証言をする
  • bear the brunt of    矢面に立つ
  • bear up    支える, がんばる, 耐える
  • bear with    堪忍する
  • bear witness    証言をする
  • like a bear with a sore head    ひどく機嫌が悪い

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) تحمل, عانى, احتمل, حمل, دعم, سند, نقل, أنجب (طفلا) , أنتج, انعطف, تحرك (الاسم) دب, مضارب على نزول الأسعار, فظ‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮תמך, הוביל, נשא, הניב, ילדה‬
v. intr. - ‮סטה, הניב, סבל‬
n. - ‮דוב, גס, קשוח, ספסר-מניות, שוטר (מדוברת, ארה"ב)‬

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