sap

1. 1. The watery fluid that circulates through a plant, carrying food and other substances to the various tissues.
   2. The fluid contents of a plant cell vacuole.
2. An essential bodily fluid.
3. Health and energy; vitality.
4. Slang. A gullible person; a dupe.
5. A leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.

1. To drain of sap.
2. To hit or knock out with a sap.

[Middle English, from Old English sæp.]

A covered trench or tunnel dug to a point near or within an enemy position.

1. To undermine the foundations of (a fortification).
2. To deplete or weaken gradually.

To dig a sap.

[Obsolete French sappe or Italian zappa, hoe, from Old French and Old Italian, both from Late Latin sappa.]

(1) (SAP Americas, Inc., Newtown Square, PA, www.sap.com) The U.S. branch of the German software company, SAP AG., which was founded in 1972 as Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. SAP's R/3 integrated suite of applications and its ABAP/4 Development Workbench became popular starting around 1993 and have gained significant market share in the ERP arena. See R/3.

(2) (Session Announcement Protocol) An IETF protocol for distributing session description messages to potential recipients. It is widely used to send SDP messages. See SIP.

(3) (Service Advertising Protocol) A NetWare protocol used to identify the services and addresses of servers attached to the network. The responses are used to update a table in the router known as the Server Information Table.

(4) (Secondary Audio Program) An NTSC audio channel used for auxiliary transmission, such as foreign language broadcasting or teletext.

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noun

A person who is easily deceived or victimized: butt³, dupe, fool, gull, lamb, pushover, victim. Informal sucker. Slang fall guy, gudgeon, mark, monkey, patsy, pigeon. Chiefly British mug. See wise/foolish.

verb

1. To lessen or deplete the nerve, energy, or strength of: attenuate, debilitate, devitalize, enervate, enfeeble, undermine, undo, unnerve, weaken. See strong/weak.
2. To lessen or weaken severely, as by removing something essential: deplete, drain, exhaust, impoverish, use up. See give/take/reciprocity, increase/decrease, rich/poor.

Definition: squeeze out; weaken
Antonyms: build, help, increase, put in, revitalize, strengthen

n. a tunnel or trench to conceal an assailant's approach to a fortified place.

1. dig a sap or saps.

2. archaic make insecure by removing the foundations of: sapped and undermined, the garrison was in imminent danger of collapse.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

1. The fluid which circulates in trees, plants, etc.
2. Same as sapwood.
3. See quarry sap.
4. To dig a trench under a medieval fortress; used by besiegers who were intent on blowing up an enemy’s defensive structure.

Serum alkaline phosphatase.

The fluid in plants.

The vital juices of plants and animals, sap represents bodily health and vigor (the sap of youth), which is why someone who feels depleted is "all sapped out." Like the sap from the maple tree, someone who is excessively gullible or sentimental is "sappy" (sweet, syrupy).

"Sap" redirects here. For other uses, see Sap (disambiguation).

Leafhoppers and many other insects feed off plant sap

Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (tracheids or vessel elements) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. Fluid found in the vacuoles of other cells is sometimes referred to as "cell sap". Other liquid compounds found in plants or exuded by plants, such as latex, resins or mucilage, are sometimes incorrectly referred to as sap.

Xylem sap consists primarily of water, with hormones, mineral elements and other nutrients dissolved in it. Transport of sap in xylem is generally "acropetal", or upward from the roots toward the leaves. Over the past century, there has been some controversy regarding the mechanism of xylem sap transport; today, most plant scientists agree that the bulk of the evidence supports the cohesion-tension theory.

Phloem sap consists primarily of water, with sugars, hormones, and mineral elements dissolved in it. Phloem sap transport occurs from sources (locations where carbohydrates are produced or stored) toward sinks (locations where carbohydrates are utilized). The pressure flow hypothesis proposes a mechanism for phloem sap transport.

Maple syrup is made from reduced sugar maple xylem sap. In some countries (e.g., Russia, Latvia or Finland) it is common to collect the early spring sap of birch trees (so called "birch juice") for human consumption; the sap can be used fresh or fermented.

Sap leaking from a Prunus cerasus

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Plant sap

• Latex
• Resin

References

• Angeles, G., B.J. Bond, J.S. Boyer, T.J. Brodribb, J.R. Brooks, M.J. Burns, J.M. Cavender-Bares, M.J. Clearwater, H. Cochard, J.P. Comstock, S.D. Davis, J.-C. Domec, L.A. Donovan, F.W. Ewers, B.L. Gartner, U.G. Hacke, T.M. Hinckley, N.M. Holbrook, H.G. Jones, K.L. Kavanagh

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - saft, hjerteblod, livsnerve, drink, penge
v. tr. - tappe saft fra

2.
n. - løbegrav, tunnel
v. intr. - arbejde i det skjulte
v. tr. - undergrave, underminere

3.
n. - fjols, dumrian

4.
n. - knippel
v. tr. - slå ned

Nederlands (Dutch)
ondermijnen, aftappen, uitzuigen, verzwakken, sap, naïeveling, wapenstok

Français (French)
1.
n. - sève
v. tr. - saper (la sève)

2.
n. - tranchée
v. intr. - creuser un tunnel/une tranchée
v. tr. - ébranler (des fondations)

3.
n. - (US) abruti (péj)

4.
n. - matraque, gourdin
v. tr. - matraquer, assener un coup de gourdin

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Saft, belebende Kraft
v. - den Saft entziehen

2.
n. - Sappe
v. - untergraben

3.
n. - Streber, Büffler

4.
n. - Knüppel
v. - mit einem KnÜppel schlagen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - οπός, (στρατ.) μίνα, όρυγμα, (μτφ.) σφρίγος, ικμάδα, (καθομ.) χαζός
v. - απομυζώ (την ικμάδα), υπονομεύω, υποσκάπτω, (ΗΠΑ, αργκό) χτυπώ με ρόπαλο

Italiano (Italian)
minare, sfollagente, succo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - seiva (f), vitalidade (f), indivíduo muito trabalhador (m)
v. - exaurir, sapar

Русский (Russian)
сок (растений), живительные силы, энергия, жизнеспособность, сушить, иссушать, сапа, подкоп, зубрила, зубрежка, простофиля, вести сапы, производить сапные работы, подрывать, подкапывать, истощать, ослаблять, продвигаться вперед, подходить по траншеям, подкрадываться незаметно, зубрить, корпеть

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - savia
v. tr. - extraer la savia de

2.
n. - zapa
v. intr. - zapar
v. tr. - minar

3.
n. - tonto, bobo

4.
n. - porra
v. tr. - castigar con una porra

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - sav, växtsaft, livskraft, dumbom (sl), tunnel(mil), löpgrav (mil)
v. - tappa saven ur, sava, tömma, gräva tunnel (mil), underminera, undergräva, tära på, försvaga

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 液, 汁, 边材, 精力, 元气, 笨蛋, 使大伤元气, 使干枯

2. 坑道, 削弱, 破坏, 挖掘, 在...下挖掘, 在...下挖掘坑道, 破坏...的基础, 逐渐消耗, 挖坑道

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 坑道, 削弱, 破壞, 挖掘
v. tr. - 在...下挖掘, 在...下挖掘坑道, 破壞...的基礎, 削弱, 逐漸消耗
v. intr. - 挖坑道

2.
n. - 液, 汁, 邊材, 精力, 元氣, 笨蛋
v. tr. - 使大傷元氣, 使乾枯

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 수액, 바보, 활력
v. tr. - ~에서 수액을 짜내다, 약화시키다, 몽둥이로 때리다

2.
n. - (적진 접근을 위해 파고 들어가는) 대호, 서서히 파고 듦, 무섭게 일하는 사람
v. intr. - (건물 등의 토대 밑을) 파서 무너뜨리다, 서서히 해치다, (적진에) 호를 파고 접근하다
v. tr. - 파서 무너뜨리다, 대호를 파다, 공부만 파다

3.
n. - 잘 속는 사람, 얼간이

4.
n. - 짧은 곤봉
v. tr. - 짧은 곤봉으로 치다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 樹液, 活力, 元気, ばか, 坑道, 液汁
v. - 弱くする, 徐々に弱める

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) سائل يجري في أوعيه ألنبات, ألنسغ (فعل) يحفر خندقا, يضعف, يوهن‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮לשד-הצמח, מיץ, ערעור אמונה אטי, כוח, און, חיות, מרץ‬
v. tr. - ‮יבשה חיותו, התייבש‬
n. - ‮חפירה, מנהרה או חפירה סביב מבצר, טיפש‬
v. intr. - ‮חפר מנהרה‬
v. tr. - ‮החליש, התיש, הרס, חתר תחת-, ערער אושיות-‬
n. - ‮טיפש, פתי‬
n. - ‮אלת-עץ‬
v. tr. - ‮היכה באלה‬

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